Author: MIL-OSI Publisher

Source: Flinders University

Sleep apnea will become more common and more severe due to global warming, leading to increased health and economic burdens across the globe, warn Flinders University sleep experts.

A new study, published in leading journal, Nature Communications, found that rising temperatures increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and that under the most likely climate change scenarios, the societal burden of OSA is expected to double in most countries over the next 75 years. 

Lead author and sleep expert, Dr Bastien Lechat, from FHMRI Sleep Health says this is the first study of its kind to outline how global warming is expected to affect breathing during sleep and impact the world’s health, wellbeing and economy.

“This study helps us to understand how environmental factors like climate might affect health by investigating whether ambient temperatures influence the severity of OSA,” says Dr Lechat.

“Overall, we were surprised by the magnitude of the association between ambient temperature and OSA severity. 

“Higher temperatures were associated with a 45 per cent increased likelihood of a sleeper experiencing OSA on a given night. 

“Importantly, these findings varied by region, with people in European countries seeing higher rates of OSA when temperatures rise than those in Australia and the United States, perhaps due to different rates of air conditioning usage.”

Sleep apnoea – a condition that disturbs breathing during sleep – affects almost 1 billion people globally and, if untreated or severe, increases the risk of dementia and Parkinson’s disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, anxiety and depression, reduced quality of life, traffic accidents and all-cause mortality, previous research has found.

In Australia alone, the economic cost associated with poor sleep including sleep disorders like OSA has been estimated at $66 billion a year.

The study analysed sleep data from over 116,000 people globally using an FDA-cleared under-mattress sensor to estimate the severity of OSA.

For each user, the sensor recorded around 500 separate nights of data. The researchers then matched this sleep data with detailed 24-hour temperature information sourced from climate models.

They conducted health economics modeling using disability adjusted life years, a measure employed by the World Health Organization that captures the combined impact of illness, injury, and premature mortality, to quantify the wellbeing and societal burden due to increased prevalence of OSA from rising temperatures under several projected climate scenarios.

“Using our modelling, we can estimate how burdensome the increase in OSA prevalence due to rising temperature is to society in terms of wellbeing and economic loss,” says Dr Lechat.

“The increase in OSA prevalence in 2023 due to global warming was associated with a loss of approximately 800,000 healthy life years across the 29 countries studied. 

“This number is similar to other medical conditions, such as bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease or chronic kidney diseases.”

Similarly, the estimated total economic cost associated was ~98 billion USD, including 68 billion USD from wellbeing loss and 30 billion USD from workplace productivity loss (missing work or being less productive at work).

“Our findings highlight that without greater policy action to slow global warming, OSA burden may double by 2100 due to rising temperatures.” 

Senior researcher on the paper, Professor Danny Eckert, says that while the study is one of the largest of its kind, it was skewed towards high socio-economics countries and individuals, likely to have access to more favourable sleeping environments and air conditioning.

“This may have biased our estimates and led to an under-estimation of the true health and economic cost,” says Professor Eckert

In addition to providing further evidence of the major threat of climate change to human health and wellbeing, the study highlights the importance of developing effective interventions to diagnose and manage OSA.

“Higher rates of diagnosis and treatment will help us to manage and reduce the adverse health and productivity issues caused by climate related OSA,” says Professor Eckert.

“Going forward, we want to design intervention studies that explore strategies to reduce the impact of ambient temperatures on sleep apnea severity as well as investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms that connect temperature fluctuations to OSA severity.”

The article, ‘ Global warming may increase the burden of obstructive sleep apnea’ by Bastien Lechat (Flinders University), Jack Manners (Flinders), Lucía Pinilla (Flinders) Amy Reynolds (Flinders), Hannah Scott (Flinders), Daniel Vena (Harvard Medical School), Sebastien Bailly (Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Josh Fitton (Flinders), Barbara Toson (Flinders), Billingsley Kaambwa (Flinders), Robert Adams (Flinders), Jean-Louis Pepin (Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Pierre Escourrou (Centre Interdisciplinaire du Sommeil), Peter Catcheside (Flinders), and Danny J Eckert (Flinders), has been published in the journal Nature Communications. First published 16 June DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60218-1.

These findings were presented at the ATS 2025 International Conference prior to being journal peer reviewed.

The United States' erratic trade policy has caused even more economic uncertainty in the sec-ond quarter of 2025. Tariffs are also weighing on the economic outlook. 

The number of unregistered children under five has dropped by 62 per cent in Asia and the Pacific, from 135 million in 2012 to 51 million in 2024. This means 84 million more children today have a recognized name, a legal identity and a stronger foundation for the future, according to the newly released Progress Made on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics in Asia and the Pacific After a Decade of Getting Every One in the Picture.

However more work remains as despite this progress, 14 million babies each year still go unregistered by their first birthday. Without birth registration, a child may be denied their right to education and healthcare services based on the lack of official documentation.

This latest progress report tracks achievements across the region during the Asia-Pacific CRVS Decade (2015-2024) and sets the foundation for renewed commitments in the years ahead.

Other Key Findings:

The number of countries using civil registration data to produce vital statistics has risen by nearly 60 per cent.
An estimated 6.9 million deaths go unregistered annually across Asia and the Pacific.
A quarter of countries and territories do not medically certify deaths, leaving major gaps in mortality data and evidence for public health planning

Legal identity is the foundation for accessing essential rights and services, from healthcare and education to social protection and legal services. Civil registration data is also vital for evidence-based policymaking, disaster preparedness and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The report was released by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ahead of the Third Ministerial Conference on CRVS in Asia and the Pacific, which will be held from 24 to 26 June in Bangkok. The conference will bring together governments and key partners to reflect on regional progress, identify key actions and enhance commitments towards ensuring universal registration. 

Juba, June 14, 2025—Due to safety and security concerns, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has made the decision to permanently close its hospital in Ulang, Upper Nile State, as well as withdraw its support to 13 primary health facilities in the county. MSF suspended all its medical services on 14 April 2025 after armed individuals forced their way into the hospital and its offices, threatened both staff and patients, and violently looted and destroyed property throughout the facility.

The hospital infrastructure, in which MSF had invested millions of euros, was completely destroyed. In addition, intruders looted medicines worth €135,000—enough to run the hospital for months and care for thousands of patients. This has left the hospital in ruins and unable to function.

“They took everything: medical equipment, laptops, patients' beds and mattresses from the wards, and approximately nine months' worth of medical supplies, including two planeloads of surgical kits and drugs delivered just the week before. Whatever they could not carry, they destroyed,” says Zakaria Mwatia, MSF head of mission for South Sudan.

“The extensive losses from the looting have left us without the necessary resources to continue operations. We have no other option but to make the difficult decision to close the hospital and our support to 13 primary healthcare facilities, as they all relied on the hospital for medical supplies, referrals, and technical support.”

This was the second attack on MSF in the area in less than three months. In January, two clearly marked MSF boats on their way to Ulang after delivering medical supplies to Nasir County Hospital were shot at by unknown gunmen, forcing everyone on board to jump into the water and swim to safety. Less than a month after the looting, another MSF hospital was bombed in Old Fangak, forcing MSF to suspend activities.

Such attacks on healthcare facilities severely disrupt access to healthcare services by the communities, who depend on MSF for medical assistance. The closure of MSF facilities has left the area spanning more than 200 kilometres, from the Ethiopian border to Malakal, without any secondary healthcare facility. With the closure of the Ulang Hospital, pressure has increased significantly on the few remaining health structures, especially in Malakal, which has recorded an influx of patients in recent weeks.

“The security situation in the area remains volatile, with ongoing clashes in neighbouring regions. MSF prioritises the safety of its staff and patients and the integrity of our services, but the current environment makes it impossible to ensure either. We are deeply concerned by the growing trend of attacks on healthcare and the devastating impact this has on communities. We urgently call for the protection of patients, healthcare workers, and medical facilities at all times,” Mwatia adds.

Since its launch in 2018, the MSF project in Ulang has provided vital healthcare services to over 150,000 people across Ulang County. This included running a secondary care hospital and supporting 13 primary healthcare facilities throughout the region. Over the past seven years, MSF has carried out more than 139,730 outpatient consultations, admitted 19,350 patients, treated 32,966 cases of malaria, and assisted 2,685 maternal deliveries, among other essential services. During this time, MSF also facilitated patient referrals by boat along the Sobat River, provided support to Nasir County Hospital, and responded to multiple emergencies and disease outbreaks.

Despite these closures, MSF remains committed to responding to the healthcare needs of displaced and vulnerable people in Ulang and Nasir counties. A mobile emergency team is assessing the needs and preparing to provide short-term healthcare services along the Sobat Corridor, wherever security conditions allow. MSF continues to provide healthcare services in its other projects in Upper Nile State, including in Malakal and Renk Counties.

MSF is an international, medical, humanitarian organisation that delivers medical care to people in need, regardless of their origin, religion, or political affiliation. MSF has been working in Haiti for over 30 years, offering general healthcare, trauma care, burn wound care, maternity care, and care for survivors of sexual violence. MSF Australia was established in 1995 and is one of 24 international MSF sections committed to delivering medical humanitarian assistance to people in crisis. In 2022, more than 120 project staff from Australia and New Zealand worked with MSF on assignment overseas. MSF delivers medical care based on need alone and operates independently of government, religion or economic influence and irrespective of race, religion or gender. For more information visit msf.org.au  

Flash Quote by Jose Mas, Head of MSF Emergency Programmes:

“Our teams in Gaza are witnessing another chaotic day as the carnage at Gaza Humanitarian Foundation distribution sites continues unabated, internet connection is cut off at mass scale after an attack that hit communications lines, and Israeli forces issued new displacement orders in the blocks that include Nasser hospital in Khan Younis, southern Gaza.

On 11 June, MSF-supported Al Mawasi Primary Health care clinic received 32 casualties including three dead on arrival. The ICRC field hospital received 160 casualties including five dead on arrival and three with severe wounds who were declared dead shortly after. Today ICRC field hospital saw 125 people wounded with three declared dead upon arrival. Most of those killed and wounded are Palestinians that were seeking urgent assistance at GHF distribution sites.

The delivery of supplies by private logistics and security firms, as well as local armed actors under the guise of aid, disregarding humanitarian principles, imposing access restrictions on humanitarian agencies in terms of movements, supplies, as well as constantly displacing the population all with the backdrop of 20 months of intense daily bombardment, is pushing Gaza's fragile social order to the brink of collapse.

The partial loss of communication has dealt another severe blow to the already decimated humanitarian and medical response, putting the lives of our patients and staff at imminent risk. We have barely heard from our teams in Gaza for over 12 hours. The lack of internet and limited phone connections makes it even harder for humanitarian and medical teams to coordinate movements of staff and supplies, call ambulances, and manage our teams' security in one of the world's deadliest war zones.

Moreover, the possibility of Nasser hospital being subjected to bombardment or damaged by attacks in the area or hardly being accessible anymore is harrowing. Nasser hospital has wards that cannot be moved without putting patients' lives at grave danger, as their specialist equipment cannot be found anywhere else in southern Gaza, including incubators for the 17 babies currently in intensive care. The hospital is already functioning over capacity, as are other hospitals in Gaza.”

MSF is an international, medical, humanitarian organisation that delivers medical care to people in need, regardless of their origin, religion, or political affiliation. MSF has been working in Haiti for over 30 years, offering general healthcare, trauma care, burn wound care, maternity care, and care for survivors of sexual violence. 

Report Underscores ETH's Value Proposition as the “Digital Oil” Powering a Global Digital Economy

Report's Contributors Include Etherealize's Vivek Raman, Founder and CEO of ether.fi Mike Silagadze, and Other Leading Figures from the Ethereum Community

NEW YORK – Members of the Ethereum community today announced the release of a new report targeting institutional investors that presents “The Bull Case for ETH.” The report, which can be found in full here, represents a collaborative effort between many prominent leaders and researchers from the Ethereum ecosystem, with contributors that include Etherealize co-founders Vivek Raman, Danny Ryan, and Grant Hummer, as well as Founder and CEO of ether.fi Mike Silagadze.

The report outlines why ETH – the native asset underpinning Ethereum's transformative ecosystem – is among the most significantly mispriced assets in global markets, offering one of the largest asymmetric upside opportunities across all asset classes today. With the global financial system poised for a generational transformation as more and more institutions begin to put their assets onchain, Ethereum has emerged as the most viable base layer for a fully digital and composable financial ecosystem – already hosting over 80% of all tokenized assets and serving as the default platform for stablecoins and institutional blockchain infrastructure. As the report explains, ETH is more than just a store of value – it is the fuel, collateral, and reserve asset fueling the financial system of the future.ETH is digital oil powering the financial digital economy.

The report details why ETH should be considered a core allocation in institutional strategies that prioritize long-term value creation, technology exposure, and future-proof financial infrastructure – laying out its case across three core sections:

Understanding ETH: The Digital Oil of the Digital Economy – Explores the relationship between Ethereum and ETH, ETH's utility and unique properties, proper valuation frameworks for assessing ETH's value as an asset, and the reasons it is currently undervalued and underrepresented in the portfolios of institutional investors looking for asymmetric opportunities and productive stores of value.

Ethereum: The Infrastructure Driving ETH's Ascent – Covers the structural, technological, and economic drivers behind the Ethereum network's growing momentum, and presents a case for why Ethereum's likely position as the foundational layer of the global digital financial system will support and amplify ETH's economic importance.

Ethereum & AI: The Economic Engine of the Autonomous Economy – Evaluates Ethereum's potential role and value in a financial system powered by autonomous agents.

“We've reached a tipping point where Ethereum and ETH are no longer optional for traditional finance,” said Vivek Raman, co-founder and CEO of Etherealize. “ETH is becoming the indispensable asset at the heart of a new, digitally native financial system, where tokenization and onchain infrastructure are the norm, not the future. Simply put, ETH is digital oil: the essential fuel for tomorrow's global financial rails. The chance to be early in this transformation and to harness ETH's unmatched value is more powerful than ever. Our goal with this report is to educate institutions at this critical moment.”

“Institutional investors have been so focused on Bitcoin and its narrative as a store of value that they have overlooked an asset with far greater growth potential,” said Joseph Lubin, Founder and CEO of Consensys and Co-founder of Ethereum. “ETH not only shares the same store of value properties that made Bitcoin popular, but it also has extensive utility, offers more predictable scarcity, and provides a regular yield, positioning it as the ultimate productive reserve asset. As Ethereum further entrenches itself as the backbone of the digital economy, ETH becomes more indispensable – not only as the fuel powering Ethereum, but as a strategic investment in the infrastructure of the future.”

The report's full list of contributors includes: Danny Ryan, Vivek Raman, Grant Hummer, Zach Obront, Rodrigo Vazquez, Ryan Berckmans, Leo Lanza, Hanniabu, Mike Silagadze, Anthony Sassano, Ryan Sean Adams, Andrew Keys, Tim Lowe, Maria Shen, Ken Deeter, Amanda Cassatt, Aftab Hossain, William Mougayar, Mariano Di Pietrantonio, Agustin do Rego, and Valeria Salazar.

About Etherealize

Etherealize is a project focused on accelerating the adoption of and bringing institutional assets onto Ethereum. Founded in 2024, Etherealize serves as a bridge between traditional and decentralized finance, offering research, educational content, and products that support the integration of real-world assets onto the Ethereum blockchain. Etherealize aims to help establish Ethereum as the digital back office for Wall Street – enabling a new era of financial infrastructure that is digital, programmable, transparent, and open to the world.

For more information, visit www.etherealize.com.

About ether.fi

ether.fi is a liquid staking protocol that allows stakers to retain control of their keys while delegating validator operations to a node operator. Formed under a shared vision of what DeFi should be, ether.fi offers stakers a decentralized, non-custodial staking solution that can serve as a building block for web3 infrastructure.

New Rural Aid donation helps farming communities recover from severe weather events throughout regional and rural Australia.

What’s happening?

Rural Aid has today announced a $100,000 donation from CommBank to support communities impacted by severe weather events across Australia.
The donation will fund the delivery of critical resources including water tanks, hay bales and fodder to farmers in need, with support already underway in flood impacted Queensland towns of Windorah, Thargomindah, Jundah and Quilpie.
The donation will also support deliveries to drought impacted communities in Victoria and South Australia and flood impacted areas in New South Wales.

What’s it like on the ground in flood-affected farming communities?

Windorah in remote south-west Queensland sits approximately 160km north-east of the South Australian border in the heart of Channel Country, so named for the numerous intertwined rivulets that cross the region. According to the last census report, the town has a population of just 104 people and James “Dude” Kidd and his wife Helen make up two of them.

As a fourth-generation cattleman James describes Windorah as a “little town in the middle of nowhere.”

Sand dunes, Ourdel Station

With giant red sandhills stretching to the horizon, Windorah can provide the most picturesque of vistas, attracting an increasing number of tourists over recent years. But tourism cannot sustain the remote town which remains reliant on its sheep and cattle industry to survive.

The severity of weather events in recent years has made survival difficult, as farming families like the Kidds face continued challenges with raising their cattle across 120,000 acres and maintaining their way of life on Ourdel Station which has been in the family since 1906.

Ourdel Station, March 2025

The livestock industry in outback Queensland has faced significant challenges with devastating flooding in March seeing an estimated 13 million hectares of country underwater, eroding 20 to 40 centimetres of topsoil from significant areas of Channel Country.

With floodwaters receding, there is still a long road to recovery ahead for livestock producers as they restock lost livestock and repair damaged property.

What the Rural Aid donation means to farmers

“Living through the floods has been incredibly tough, but what’s really lifted our spirits is knowing organisations like the Commonwealth Bank and Rural Aid are standing beside us. It is more than just the practical help — it’s the message that someone out their cares about the people on the land, even when we feel isolated. That support means the world to families like ours, and it has given us renewed hope to face the long road ahead,” Mrs Kidd said.

This week, the Kidds will receive a 22,000-litre water tank, courtesy of a partnership between CommBank and Rural Aid.

“This water tank donation is a real symbol of that support. It reminds us that we are not alone in this — that there are people willing to step in and help us rebuild. It is reassuring to know that organisations like these are investing in the future of farming communities, and we’re truly grateful for their generosity and commitment.”

What Rural Aid plans to do

Rural Aid CEO John Warlters welcomed the partnership with CommBank saying: “We’re deeply grateful to Commonwealth Bank for their contribution to Rural Aid. This funding will help us deliver critical support to farming families across Australia, from those recovering from floods in Western Queensland to those managing the ongoing impacts of drought in South Australia and Victoria. Whether it's supplying emergency hay, delivering water tanks, or providing mental wellbeing support, this donation enables us to reach more rural communities and offer meaningful, practical assistance.”

“Support from organisations like Commonwealth Bank plays a vital role in enabling Rural Aid to continue our work with farming families. This generous contribution s

On 19 June, join experts and community leaders for the hybrid event GLF Africa 2025: Innovate, Restore, Prosper. Explore opportunities for the continent to reverse land degradation, biodiversity loss and the climate crisis.

Nairobi, Kenya (12 June 2025) – GLF Africa, hosted by the Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) and CFOR-ICRAF, returns for its 7th edition on 19 June, held online and in person in Nairobi, Kenya, in English, French and Swahili.

Bringing together leading voices from diverse sectors and backgrounds, this hybrid conference will spotlight Africa's progress, priorities and possibilities in building healthy, resilient and prosperous landscapes, communities and economies.  

Africa holds two-thirds of the world's arable land and the youngest population on Earth. GLF Africa 2025: Innovate, Restore, Prosper will highlight how science and traditional knowledge are guiding local action towards an economy that keeps the continent's land healthy for future generations.  

The event will cover four key themes:  

• Forest and landscape restoration
• Land and tree use rights and livelihoods 
• Natural capital and sustainable finance  
• AI, technology and data for intelligent landscapes 

Building Africa's nature economy  

Africa faces a triple environmental crisis of land degradation, biodiversity loss and climate change, but current policies, funding and land rights fall short of what's needed.

Time is running out to tackle these challenges – which is why the continent must start building a powerful nature economy today. This means unlocking its vast natural capital –its forests, biodiversity, land and water – combined with its deep knowledge systems, good governance, meaningful partnerships, AI and big data.

How to join the conversation

Everyone is invited to register for free at bit.ly/GLFAfrica2025.

The event will feature more than 60 inspiring speakers, including:

• Balbina Andrew, Indigenous community leader from Tanzania, Executive Director of Nourish Africa and Coordinator of the locally-led initiative GLFx Mwanza.
• Kate Kallot, Founder and CEO of Amini AI, recognized for expanding access to technology across Africa and named one of TIME's 100 Most Influential People in AI.
• Ngobi Joel, Co-Founder of the School Food Forest Initiative, 2025 GLF Forest Restoration Steward and activist focused on climate, education and rural development in Uganda.
• Peter Minang, Africa Director at the Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) and an expert in climate-smart landscapes.
• Rekia Foudel, Founder and Managing Partner of Barka Fund, one of the GLF's 8 Women with a New Vision for Earth 2025, bringing innovative financing to African startups.
• Sellah Bogonko, Co-Founder and CEO of Jacob's Ladder Africa, working to activate 30 million green jobs across Africa by 2033.
• Solange Bandiaky-Badji, President of the Rights and Resources Group (RRG) and Coordinator of the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI), who spearheaded RRI's Gender Justice program.

These leaders will be joined by many other changemakers in youth-led action, research, storytelling, academia, gender equity, sustainable finance and policy to discuss topics such as:

• Powering Africa's future – the promise of nature-centered economies 
• Confronting challenges to secure rights, land restoration and livelihoods 
• Scaling up farmer-managed natural regeneration: Action in Ethiopia and Kenya 
• Bridging knowledge domains for inclusive landscape restoration 
• Financing frontline action for climate, nature and livelihoods 
• How Africa can lead agri-tech transformation 
• From vision to action – A roadmap for Africa's nature economy. 

Explore the full agenda here: (ref. https://connect.globallandscapesforum.org/e/africa-2025#agenda)

Extended drought and warm weather are damaging South Australia’s marine ecosystems, and periodic flooding of the River Murray poses another major risk.

A significant flood in the Murray-Darling Basin in 2022-23 gave Flinders University researchers a rare opportunity to analyse conditions that damaged biodiversity and water quality for both marine species and local ecosystems, some at popular tourist locations south of Adelaide.

A new study led by the Beach and Dune Systems (BEADS) Lab at Flinders University provides a detailed framework for understanding how the river discharge increased turbidity (silt, clay and other suspended particles in the water) as the sediment plume expanded across thousands of kilometres from the river mouth westwards around the Fleurieu Peninsula into Gulf St Vincent.

“During this period of high riverine discharge, we measured the spatial extent and intensity of the surface sediment plume, with our satellite imagery providing a reference point for future plume behaviour – particularly near shore for targeted monitoring,” says Flinders environmental science honours student Evan Corbett.

“Interestingly we found the historically important sediment plume within the coastal region reached its maximum spatial extent of 13,681 km2 during the eight-day period beginning on 11 December 2022, more than a month before the peak discharge occurred.”

The local monitoring and satellite imaging between November 2022 and February 2023 measured the volume of water discharge, turbidity levels affecting regular seawater quality, surface winds, barrage controls and other factors.

The study found the major plume typically pooled near the river’s mouth within the northern corner of Long Bay, before migrating persistently westward around the Fleurieu Peninsula through Backstairs Passage into Gulf St Vincent, occasionally exhibiting brief eastward migration periods.

Fine organic and inorganic particulate matter in water can make it cloudy or opaque, often having a detrimental impact on ecosystems when it occurs in large amounts.  

Strategic Professor in Coastal Studies Patrick Hesp, who leads Environmental Sciences at Flinders University’s College of Science and Engineering, says the study – in collaboration with University of Adelaide lecturer Dr Sami Rifai – used technology which effectively built a useful dataset to direct future research.

“This study highlights the significant role of riverine discharge in driving the surface sediment plume’s spatial extent and intensities, particularly within the plume’s inner core,” says Professor Hesp.

“Revealing when and where plumes are likely to form and evolve, this study provides a foundation for targeted monitoring, timely management interventions, and informed planning to reduce the discussed ecological and socio-economic risks associated with extreme river discharge events in the future.

“By improving how we measure and analyse these environmental events, we pave the way for better coastal management strategies, ensuring beaches and ecosystems remain more stable and resilient in the face of changing climate and weather conditions.”

The article, ‘Temporal and spatial distribution of 2022–2023 River Murray major flood sediment plume’ (2025) by Evan Corbett, Sami W Rifai (University of Adelaide), Graziela Miot da Silva and Patrick A Hesp has been published in the journal Remote Sensing. DOI: 10.3390/rs17101711.

https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17101711

Households using money saved from energy rebates, lower petrol prices, and interest rate cuts to treat themselves.

https://youtu.be/obtoCYYhE4Q?si=aLwclsdKp-L9zzA1

The CommBank Household Spending Insights (HSI) Index rose just 0.5 per cent in May. However signs are emerging that consumers are starting to loosen the purse strings for small luxuries thanks to lower costs in key spending areas like petrol and electricity bills. (ref. https://www.commbankresearch.com.au/apex/researcharticleviewv2?id=a0NDo000000wSW3 )

Despite overall spending softness in the second quarter so far, Hospitality and Recreation now rank at the top of annual spending categories when compared to May last year, as households splashed out on restaurants, food delivery, cinemas and online travel, indicating continued divergence in spending tr